Photoelectric glass

Conductive glass is a type of glass with low resistance and can conduct electricity. Conductive glass has coating of conductive film on its surface. It usually has a higher mechanical strength and anti-corrosion performance. Conductive glass with transparent conductive film has higher light transmittance. The maximum light transmittance of of the conductive film is 93%. The most common transparent conductive glass is ITO glass and FTO glass.

ITO glass:It is made by coating a layer of indium tin oxide (commonly known as ITO) film on a soda-lime/boron/aluminum-silica glass substrate using various methods such as sputtering and thermal evaporation. The ITO conductive glass for liquid crystal displays (LCD) will also be coated with a layer of silicon dioxide (SiO2) spacer layer before coating the ITO layer to prevent the diffusion of sodium ions into the liquid crystal of LCD.

FTO glass:In FTO glass, Tin Oxide is doped with fluorine (Fluorine), called Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide, or FTO for short. FTO is conductive and is very suitable for a variety of devices, including optoelectronics, touch displays, thin film solar cell, energy-saving windows, RFI/EMI shielding and other photoelectronic and insulation applications. In optical applications, it is required to have good transmittance to visible light and good reflectivity to infrared. The basic requirements of FTO are: ①Low surface resistance ②High light transmittance ③Large area, light and thin ④Easy to process and high impact resistance.

Quartz glass, also known as low-expansion glass or high-temperature resistant glass, is a special glass containing only a single component of silicon dioxide. It is made of natural crystalline quartz (such as crystal, pure silica ore) or artificially produced via high-temperature melting. Quartz glass is classified according to its manufacturing method, use or appearance, such as electric-melted transparent quartz glass, fused quartz glass, gas-refined transparent quartz glass, synthetic quartz glass, opaque quartz glass, optical quartz glass, quartz for semiconductors, etc.

Quartz glass has high temperature resistance (the temperature often used is 1100~1200 ℃, and the temperature for short-term operation can reach 1400 ℃), low expansion coefficient (1/10~1/20 of regular glass, has good thermal shock resistance), good chemical stability (quartz glass is regarded as acidic material, except for hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid, it is inert to any other acids, acting as the best acid-resistant material. At room temperature, alkali and salt have minimal corrosion to quartz glass. Therefore, it can be used in these reagents), high spectral transmission (it will not be damaged by radiation; other glasses will darken after being exposed to radiation).

Quartz glass has high dielectric strength and very low conductivity. Even at high temperature, high pressure and high frequency, it can still maintain high dielectric strength and electrical resistance. There is almost no dielectric loss in the applied frequency band. Therefore, quartz glass is an excellent high-temperature dielectric insulating material.

Applicable industries

It can be used for making semiconductors, lighting components, communication devices, lasers, optical instruments, laboratory instruments, special high-purity product extraction equipment, electrical equipment, medical equipment, and high-temperature and corrosion-resistant chemical instruments. It can be applied to various fields including engineering, electronics, metallurgy, construction materials, and the defense industry.

Panel glass, also known as Alkali-free Glass, is mainly composed of silicon dioxide, boron oxide, and aluminum oxide. It does not contain alkaline components such as sodium and potassium. It is commonly used as the glass substrate for TFT-LCD and OLED display. It has good optical characteristics, smooth surface and high light transmittance. It is mainly used in the display and the protecting window of various instrument.

Optical glass, also known as plain glass, is mainly composed of silicon dioxide (also known as quartz sand). During the smelting process, other substances must be added to improve the performance of the glass and meet the needs of system imaging. Optical glass refers to glass that can change the propagation direction of light and can change the relative spectral distribution of ultraviolet, visible or infrared light. It is the main material for making optical lenses and optical instruments. Optical glass has highly accurate refractive index, Abbe number and high transparency, high physical and chemical uniformity, and specific and precise optical constants.

Special glass includes BK7 glass, BK9 glass, B270 glass, Engle2000 glass, EXG glass, D263 glass, LED glass, OLED glass, etc.

BK7 glass:is generally referred to as clear glass. It has been used to make lenses or prisms for a long time. It has good transmittance for visible light and has less bubbles or impurities. The fringes that have an adverse effect on the optical system and the non-uniformity of refractive index of BK7 glass are reduced to an acceptable level which will hardly cause any impact. Besides lenses or prisms, it is also used in many optical components such as reflector or beamsplitter substrates or the substrate of various film-coated filters.

B270 glass: is a colorless optical glass with high light transmittance (>91% in the visible light region), which can be applied to various optoelectronic applications, such as projectors, car lighting systems, clock or watch surfaces and binoculars, etc.

D263 glass:is a low-alkali glass with good light transmittance. It is easy to process, including cutting, grinding, polishing, etc.

Engle2000 glass: is a high-quality alkali-free glass with good chemical resistance and weathering resistance. It is an important raw-material glass for the electronics and optoelectronic industries. It is widely used as the panel glass for TFT-LCD, substrate for polysilicon solar cell, photomask for photolithography process, coated glass substrate, and materials for other optoelectronic applications. It has good characteristics such as high chemical resistance, low density, light weight, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Its optical quality and stability are also better than those of the existing glass substrates. Its visible light transmittance can reach as high as 92% and it is free of alkali precipitation. These excellent characteristics made Engle2000 glass widely used as substrate for optical coating.

LED glass: is also known as the electrical light-emitting glass and electrically-controlled light-emitting glass. It is a safety glass and laminated glass for construction application. It has anti-ultraviolet and partially anti-infrared properties to give energy-saving effect, allowing it to be widely used in indoor and outdoor applications. Due to the energy-saving characteristics of LED, LED glass is low in power consumption, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. LED glass is widely used in various designs and applications: such as commercial or residential indoor and outdoor decoration, furnishing and renovation, furniture design, lighting design, indoor space design, indoor shower partition, clinics, house number, emergency sign design, conference room partition, outdoor glass wall, shop windows, counter design, luxury product counter design, skylight design, ceiling design, sun room design, 3C product glass panel, indoor and outdoor billboard design, fashion home accessories, clocks, prizes, lighting fixtures, etc.

The multilayer of thin films in optical coating increase or decrease the properties of glass including reflection, filtering, waterproof and anti-stain, anti-blue light, anti-reflection, anti-electromagnetic wave, and anti-static. The coating material includes metals such as aluminum (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu). Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), aluminum nitride (AlN), and silicon carbide (SiC) substrate surface can be coated with optical reflective film, anti-reflective film, light splitting film, and light-reducing film. For dielectric materials such as HfO2, Al2O3, Ta2O5, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, and MgF2, anti-reflection (AR) or filtering film can be coated. Silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), zinc selenide (ZnSe), and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are used in anti-reflection (AR) coatings and filters in the mid- and far infrared bands.